Recommendations

Books Like Niels Lyhne by Jens Peter Jacobsen

Danish naturalism, novels of failed idealism, and books about atheism and disillusionment

If Niels Lyhne moved you with its portrait of a dreamer too idealistic for the world he inhabits and Jacobsen's refusal to offer consolation at the end, these eight works share its unflinching account of idealism in collision with reality, its naturalist beauty, and its honesty about the gap between what we aspire to and what we achieve.

  1. Fru Marie Grubbe cover
    1

    Fru Marie Grubbe

    by Jens Peter Jacobsen

    Jacobsen's first novel — a seventeenth-century Danish aristocrat who descends through three marriages to a ferryman's wife, driven by a sexuality that refuses class. Harder and more disturbing than Niels Lyhne, and equally essential.

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  2. Sentimental Education cover
    2

    Sentimental Education

    by Gustave Flaubert

    The great French novel of failed idealism — Frédéric Moreau's love for Madame Arnoux and his wasted life in the Paris of 1848 is the exact French counterpart to Niels's Danish dreaming; Jacobsen was steeped in Flaubert.

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  3. The Way of All Flesh cover
    3

    The Way of All Flesh

    by Samuel Butler

    Butler's satirical assault on Victorian religious hypocrisy — Ernest Pontifex's escape from his father's inherited religion mirrors Niels's atheism; both novels center on a man's refusal of the faith he was given.

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  4. Nausea cover
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    Nausea

    by Jean-Paul Sartre

    Sartre's existentialist novel — Antoine Roquentin's confrontation with the absurdity of existence in Bouville is the twentieth-century philosophical version of Niels's nineteenth-century atheism; both end with the impossibility of consolation.

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  5. Letters to a Young Poet cover
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    Letters to a Young Poet

    by Rainer Maria Rilke

    Rilke's celebrated letters to Franz Xaver Kappus — throughout, Rilke recommends Jacobsen as the indispensable reading for any serious writer; this is the most direct guide to why Niels Lyhne matters.

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  6. Effi Briest cover
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    Effi Briest

    by Theodor Fontane

    The great German naturalist novel — Effi Briest's adultery in a Prussian provincial town and her slow destruction by social convention; shares Niels Lyhne's refusal of consolation and its sympathy for those destroyed by the world's rigidity.

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  7. Jude the Obscure cover
    7

    Jude the Obscure

    by Thomas Hardy

    Hardy's bleakest novel — Jude Fawley's aspirations to learning and love, systematically destroyed by the society that forms him; the closest English counterpart to the Danish naturalism of Jacobsen.

    Buy on Amazon
  8. Hunger cover
    8

    Hunger

    by Knut Hamsun

    Hamsun's Norwegian masterpiece published a decade after Niels Lyhne — the starving, manic writer-narrator wandering Christiania; both novels center on a sensitive young man in collision with a world indifferent to his inner life.

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