Reading Order

Zazie in the Metro

Zazie dans le métro Reading Order

Zazie dans le métro (Zazie in the Metro, 1959) by Raymond Queneau is the most widely read and immediately pleasurable of the Queneau novels — a comic tour de force that brings a foul-mouthed twelve-year-old girl from the provinces to Paris for a weekend with her uncle Gabriel, who turns out to be a nightclub dancer performing as a woman, and unfolds across two days of escalating chaos as Zazie pursues her one ambition (to ride the metro, which is on strike) and accumulates a crowd of increasingly bizarre companions. Queneau's prose in Zazie dans le métro is written in what he called 'neo-français' — a phonetically spelled, grammatically anarchic French that represents spoken contemporary Parisian speech against the formal conventions of written French, collapsing the distinction between what people say and what literature permits them to say. The novel is one of the great comic novels of the twentieth century, and Zazie herself is one of its great comic characters — precocious, ruthless, entirely without illusions, and possessed of a vocabulary of abuse that functions as a kind of radical honesty. Louis Malle adapted it into a film in 1960 that is almost as anarchic as the novel. Zazie dans le métro is the best entry point to Queneau for readers who want to start with the most exhilarating work first.

Where to start

Zazie dans le métro

Complete Zazie in the Metro Book List

  1. 1

    Zazie dans le métro

    Raymond Queneau·1959·Start here — the most immediately pleasurable Queneau and the best entry point to the novels.
    Buy
  2. 2

    Exercices de style

    Raymond Queneau·1947·The formal companion — shorter, the best demonstration of the Queneau linguistic method; read alongside Zazie.
    Buy
  3. 3

    Les Fleurs bleues

    Raymond Queneau·1965·The most formally complex Queneau novel — alternating medieval and modern narratives; the natural next step after Zazie.
    Buy
  4. 4

    Le Chiendent

    Raymond Queneau·1933·The debut — more difficult, deeply influenced by Descartes, but the foundation of the Queneau project; for readers who want the full arc of his work.
    Buy

Zazie in the Metro — Frequently Asked Questions

What is neo-français in Zazie dans le métro?

Queneau uses the term 'neo-français' (or sometimes 'le français tel qu'on le parle' — French as it is spoken) to describe the phonetically transcribed, grammatically relaxed form of written French that appears throughout his work and is most extreme in Zazie dans le métro. The principle is that written French and spoken French have been separated by centuries of literary convention — what people actually say ('c'est-y qu'elle est belle' for 'est-elle belle?', 'doukipudonktan' for 'd'où ce qu'il pue donc tant', 'skeutadittaleur' for 'ce qu'il a dit tout à l'heure') is irrecoverable from the formal prose that novels use to represent speech. Queneau's project is to close this gap — not merely in dialogue but in narration — producing a written text that sounds like what it represents. The effect in Zazie is comic: the phonetically spelled words require the reader to sound them out (even silently) to understand them, which returns the reading to the act of listening that spoken French would be. But the comic surface conceals a serious linguistic argument about the social function of literary prose and its relationship to the actual language people use.

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