Reading Order

To Live

Yu Hua To Live Reading Order

Yu Hua's To Live (1993) is one of the most celebrated novels of twentieth-century Chinese literature — a work of devastating simplicity that follows the life of Fugui, a dissolute landlord's son, from the 1940s through to the Cultural Revolution, as he loses everything: his fortune, his family members one by one, and finally his reason for living except life itself. The novel covers forty years of Chinese history — civil war, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution — through Fugui's testimony, told in a voice of such plainness and directness that it amplifies every loss into something unbearable. Yu Hua's restraint is the key to the novel's power; he never editorializes, never asks for sympathy, never explains the historical events that destroy Fugui's family. To Live won the Grinzane Cavour Prize in Italy and was adapted by Zhang Yimou into one of the most celebrated Chinese films of the 1990s.

Where to start

To Live

Complete To Live Book List

  1. 1

    To Live

    Yu Hua·1993·Start here — Fugui's plain, devastating testimony of survival across forty years of Chinese history.
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  2. 2

    Chronicle of a Blood Merchant

    Yu Hua·1995·Yu Hua's second masterpiece — Xu Sanguan, who sells his blood to feed his family through the same decades.
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  3. 3

    Brothers

    Yu Hua·2005·Yu Hua's satirical epic of modern China — from the Cultural Revolution to the market economy.
    Buy
  4. 4

    Soul Mountain

    Gao Xingjian·1990·Nobel laureate Gao's meditative quest novel — a different vision of China's landscape and psyche.
    Buy
  5. 5

    Red Sorghum

    Mo Yan·1987·Mo Yan's Nobel Prize-winning saga — the Nobel laureate's mythic account of Shandong province across the Japanese invasion and civil war.
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To Live — Frequently Asked Questions

Is To Live historically accurate?

The historical events — the civil war, land reform, the Great Leap Forward famine, the Cultural Revolution — are accurately depicted in their broad strokes. Yu Hua is not a documentary novelist; his concern is with lived experience rather than political analysis, but the historical backdrop is correct.

How does the film differ from the novel?

Zhang Yimou's film is wonderful but significantly different: Fugui survives with his wife in the film, whereas in the novel he is utterly alone at the end. Zhang also softens several of the deaths. The novel is bleaker and more relentless.

What is Yu Hua's relationship to the Chinese avant-garde?

Yu Hua began as an experimental writer in the 1980s, associated with the Chinese avant-garde movement that was influenced by Kafka, Borges, and magical realism. To Live and Chronicle of a Blood Merchant represent his turn toward plainness and realism — a conscious decision to reach a wider audience with the same intensity.

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