Reading Order

Berlin Stories

Isherwood's Berlin Stories Reading Order

Christopher Isherwood's The Berlin Stories — comprising Mr. Norris Changes Trains (1935) and Goodbye to Berlin (1939) — are the most celebrated literary portrait of Weimar Germany in its last years: the decadent, desperate, politically chaotic Berlin of 1930–1933, which Isherwood witnessed firsthand as a young Englishman teaching private English lessons and living with his German lover. The narrator, Christopher (not quite Isherwood but his literary avatar), moves through the cabarets, boarding houses, and social circles of Berlin as the Nazis rise to power — encountering Sally Bowles, the English girl with theatrical ambitions and chaotic personal life; the communist fighter Natalia Landauer; the sleazy confidence man Arthur Norris; and a cast of characters whose vivid particularity makes the political catastrophe human. 'I am a camera with its shutter open, quite passive, recording, not thinking' — the famous opening of the Sally Bowles section — describes the narrator's stance and established a template for a kind of literary witness that made Isherwood one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. John van Druten's adaptation Sally Bowles became the musical Cabaret (1966), one of Broadway's greatest works.

Where to start

Goodbye to Berlin

Complete Berlin Stories Book List

  1. 1

    Goodbye to Berlin

    Christopher Isherwood·1939·Start here — Sally Bowles and Natalia Landauer, Christopher the camera, the most celebrated of the Berlin Stories.
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  2. 2

    Mr. Norris Changes Trains

    Christopher Isherwood·1935·The first Berlin novel — the mysterious Arthur Norris, a slightly more plotted and comic account of the same Weimar world.
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  3. 3

    The Berlin Stories

    Christopher Isherwood·1945·Both novels in one volume — the standard edition to read both together as a unified portrait of 1930s Berlin.
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  4. 4

    A Single Man

    Christopher Isherwood·1964·The late masterpiece — a gay English professor's single day in Los Angeles in 1962, Isherwood's personal best and most formally precise novel.
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  5. 5

    The Magic Mountain

    Thomas Mann·1924·The other great portrait of European civilization between the wars — Hans Castorp in the sanatorium, the same world that produced Weimar's decadence.
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Berlin Stories — Frequently Asked Questions

Is the 'I am a camera' narrator really Christopher Isherwood?

Isherwood plays a complicated game with his narrator: he names the narrator 'Christopher,' uses his own biographical details, and creates the illusion of pure documentary witness ('I am a camera'). But the 'Christopher' of the Berlin Stories is a literary construction, and Isherwood's own memoir Christopher and His Kind (1976) reveals how much the stories fictionalized his experience — most notably that 'Sally Bowles' was based on his friend Jean Ross, and that Isherwood's own sexual life (gay relationships with German working-class men) was entirely absent from the published stories.

How did the Berlin Stories become Cabaret?

John van Druten adapted the Sally Bowles section of Goodbye to Berlin into a play called I Am a Camera (1951), which ran on Broadway with Julie Harris. Hal Prince then produced Cabaret (1966), with a book by Joe Masteroff, music by John Kander, and lyrics by Fred Ebb, adding the Emcee and the Kit Kat Klub as framing devices and making the Weimar decadence explicitly allegorical. The 1972 Bob Fosse film with Liza Minnelli and Joel Grey is considered one of the greatest film musicals.

What happened to the Berlin Sally Bowles is based on?

Sally Bowles is based on Jean Ross, a British singer and aspiring actress whom Isherwood met in Berlin in 1931. Ross returned to England, became a communist and a journalist, married a screenwriter named Claud Cockburn, and spent the rest of her life in Britain. She reportedly disliked the fictional Sally Bowles and felt Isherwood had trivialized and feminized her. Her daughter Sarah Caudwell became a crime novelist. Ross died in 1973.

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