Reading Order
Juno & the PaycockJuno and the Paycock Reading Order
Juno and the Paycock (1924) by Sean O'Casey is the great Irish urban tragedy — the Boyle family in a Dublin tenement during the Irish Civil War (1922-1923), the Captain (the 'Paycock' — peacock) Boyle's fantasies of an inheritance, his friend Joxer Daly's flattery, and Juno Boyle's attempt to hold the family together while her husband and son destroy it. O'Casey was the first Irish playwright to set his plays in the urban working class (Synge and the Abbey Theatre tradition he worked within had focused on the rural West of Ireland), and Juno and the Paycock is his demonstration that the tragedy of the Irish Civil War was not primarily political but domestic: the politics killed the sons and radicalized the daughters, but the real catastrophe was in the families that were left behind. The play was first performed at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin in 1924 and immediately became one of the most successful plays in the Abbey's history, despite (or because of) its unflinching depiction of working-class Dublin.
Where to start
Juno and the Paycock (1924) — the complete text. Best O'Casey reading order: The Shadow of a Gunman → Juno and the Paycock → The Plough and the Stars. The three plays form an informal trilogy about Dublin during the Irish revolution and civil war, and reading them in order shows O'Casey's developing mastery
Complete Juno & the Paycock Book List
- 1Buy
Juno and the Paycock
Sean O'Casey·1924·The great Irish urban tragedy — Juno Boyle, Captain Boyle, Joxer Daly, the inheritance, and the Dublin tenement during the Irish Civil War. First performed at the Abbey Theatre in 1924; Yeats and Lady Gregory immediately recognized it as a masterpiece; the first night of The Plough and the Stars (1926) famously caused riots - 2Buy
The Plough and the Stars
Sean O'Casey·1926·The companion O'Casey play — the Dublin tenement during the Easter Rising of 1916. The Plough and the Stars and Juno and the Paycock are the two O'Casey masterworks: both are set in Dublin tenements, both focus on the women who hold families together while the men pursue fantasies of glory, and both are organized around the gap between the rhetoric of revolution and the reality of what revolution does to ordinary people - 3Buy
Playboy of the Western World
J.M. Synge·1907·Synge's companion in the tradition of the Irish play that caused riots at the Abbey Theatre — Christy Mahon's arrival in a Mayo village with the story of having killed his father. The Playboy of the Western World and Juno and the Paycock are the two Abbey Theatre plays that caused the most controversy: Synge's in 1907 for its depiction of Mayo rural life; O'Casey's (specifically The Plough and the Stars) in 1926 for its depiction of the Easter Rising - 4Buy
Translations
Brian Friel·1980·Friel's 1980 companion in the tradition of the great Irish play about language, colonialism, and loss — the hedgerow schoolmaster Hugh Mór O'Donnell and the British cartographers remaking Baile Beag into 'Ballybeg.' Translations and Juno and the Paycock are companion investigations of what colonialism does to a people: O'Casey shows the domestic consequences of the political violence; Friel shows the cultural consequences of the colonial project - 5Buy
At Swim-Two-Birds
Flann O'Brien·1939·O'Brien's companion in the tradition of the great Irish modernist work organized around the gap between the fantasies people construct and the reality they are trying to escape — the student's novel-within-a-novel-within-a-novel. Both Juno and the Paycock and At Swim-Two-Birds are organized around characters (Captain Boyle; the student's fictional characters) who pursue fantasies at the expense of the people around them - 6Buy
Dubliners
James Joyce·1914·Joyce's companion in the tradition of the Dublin literary investigation — the fifteen stories of middle-class Dublin paralysis. Dubliners and Juno and the Paycock are companion investigations of Dublin: Joyce's stories are organized around middle-class paralysis; O'Casey's play is organized around working-class catastrophe. Both show Dublin as a city whose people are trapped between a past that constrains them and a future that seems unavailable - 7Buy
The Shadow of a Gunman
Sean O'Casey·1923·The earlier companion O'Casey play — the Dublin tenement in 1920 during the War of Independence. The Shadow of a Gunman is the first of O'Casey's Dublin trilogy and shows the development of his major themes: the gap between the rhetoric of the revolutionary struggle and the reality of what it does to ordinary people, and the women who suffer while the men indulge their fantasies - 8Buy
The Cherry Orchard
Anton Chekhov·1904·Chekhov's companion in the tradition of the play organized around a family's inability to face the reality of its situation — the Ranevskaya family's inability to save the cherry orchard. Juno and the Paycock and The Cherry Orchard are companion plays about families who cannot prevent the disaster that is coming because the central male figure (Captain Boyle; Gayev) is incapable of the practical action that would prevent it
Juno & the Paycock — Frequently Asked Questions
What does 'Paycock' mean in Juno and the Paycock?
'Paycock' is a Dublin slang rendering of 'peacock' — and the title character Captain Jack Boyle earns the nickname because of his vanity, his boasting, and his magnificent disregard for the practical realities of his family's situation. The peacock struts and displays but doesn't work; Boyle spends his days in the pub with his friend Joxer Daly, constructing elaborate excuses for why he can't take the labor jobs that are available, while his wife Juno manages the family's poverty. O'Casey's title — Juno and the Paycock — places the practical woman alongside the vain man and asks the audience to evaluate the two: Juno is named after the Roman goddess of marriage and women; Boyle's nickname reduces him to a strutting bird. The play is O'Casey's tribute to the working-class women who actually kept families alive while the men spent their energy on fantasies of glory and importance.
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