Reading Order
Henderson the Rain KingBellow's Henderson the Rain King Reading Order
Saul Bellow's Henderson the Rain King (1959) is his funniest novel and his most exuberantly comic — a picaresque story of Eugene Henderson, an enormous, loud, self-doubting Connecticut millionaire of fifty-five who has heard a voice inside him crying 'I want, I want, I want!' and who travels to Africa in search of transformation, ending up in two African kingdoms (fictional but carefully imagined) where he becomes, first, a catastrophic failure when he destroys a water cistern full of frogs, and then a Rain King when he lifts a giant idol. Bellow was writing in the tradition of the great comic novels of the nineteenth century — Dickens, Mark Twain — and Henderson is his most nakedly romantic hero: a man who is too large for his world in every sense, who wants a transformed self and is willing to be ridiculous in his pursuit of it. The novel has been read as a satire of American self-help culture, an anti-colonialist critique of the American appropriation of African spirituality, and a meditation on what it means to want more of life than life ordinarily gives. It is the ideal companion to Herzog and the most immediately enjoyable entry point to Bellow's fiction for readers who find the others too cerebral.
Where to start
Henderson the Rain King
Complete Henderson the Rain King Book List
- 1Buy
Henderson the Rain King
Saul Bellow·1959·Start here — the funniest Bellow, Henderson in Africa, the millionaire rain king, pure exuberant comic energy. - 2Buy
Herzog
Saul Bellow·1964·The complementary masterwork — the same energy turned inward, Moses Herzog's unsent letters, funnier in a more painful way. - 3Buy
The Adventures of Augie March
Saul Bellow·1953·The picaresque predecessor — Augie's self-invention from Chicago, the same exuberance in a Bildungsroman form. - 4Buy
Don Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes·1605·The great ancestor — the idealist in pursuit of a world that keeps failing to match his imagination, Henderson's most distant literary forefather. - 5Buy
Candide
Voltaire·1759·The compact satire — the naïve hero traveling through a world of catastrophes, the picaresque comic mode Henderson inhabits.
Henderson the Rain King — Frequently Asked Questions
What is the 'I want, I want, I want' voice in Henderson the Rain King?
The voice is Henderson's subjective experience of a chronic, inarticulate desire that he cannot name or satisfy — not desire for any particular thing but the condition of wanting itself, the excess of appetite over the world's capacity to provide. Bellow based it on Wilhelm Reich's concept of orgone energy, a vital force blocked in modern repressed individuals; more simply, it is the romantic hero's excess, the feeling that the available life is not enough for the self that wants to live it. The novel is Henderson's attempt to find what the voice is asking for.
Is Henderson the Rain King offensive in its use of Africa?
The question has been raised, and seriously. Bellow's Africa is explicitly fictional — he sets the two kingdoms (the Arnewi and the Wariri) in no identifiable country and acknowledges inventing their cultures — but the use of Africa as the site where a white American millionaire finds spiritual transformation is a pattern that has attracted criticism for its appropriation of African spirituality as a resource for white self-development. Bellow himself said he was writing a fable about the American psyche, not about Africa. Both things can be true: the novel is comic genius, and its relationship to African culture is legitimately complicated.
Should I read Henderson before or after Herzog?
Either order works, but Henderson is more immediately enjoyable — its comedy is broader, its pace is faster, and its hero's problems are externalized as adventure rather than internalized as suffering. Most readers who find Herzog too slow often warm to Bellow through Henderson first. Bellow himself saw the two novels as complementary, with Henderson representing the extroverted, physical, comic dimension of his concerns and Herzog the introverted, cerebral, comic-tragic dimension.
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