Recommendations

Books Like Émile ou De l'éducation by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Works that imagine education as the protection of natural goodness

Rousseau's argument is that the child is naturally good and society is naturally corrupting, and that education is therefore the art of protecting the child from corruption until they are strong enough to meet society on their own terms. These works share that same Rousseauian optimism about nature and pessimism about society.

  1. Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse cover
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    Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse

    by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

    The novelistic companion — the social experiment of Clarens in Julie is the fictional version of the educational program of Émile applied to community design; reading both gives the full picture of Rousseau's theory of natural virtue in theory and practice

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  2. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman cover
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    A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

    by Mary Wollstonecraft

    The essential feminist response — Wollstonecraft reads Sophie's education as the paradigm of female subjection and argues that the same natural education Rousseau advocates for Émile must be extended to women; the first great text of modern feminism is a direct critique of Émile Book V

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  3. 3

    Les Aventures de Télémaque

    by François de Fénelon

    The pedagogical predecessor — Fénelon's educational novel for the Duc de Bourgogne is the tradition Rousseau is arguing against; Émile's natural education in isolation is the explicit alternative to the classical court education that Télémaque represents

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  4. The Education of Henry Adams cover
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    The Education of Henry Adams

    by Henry Adams

    The American Romantic autobiography of education — Adams's ironic account of his own education as a series of failures that paradoxically formed him is the most sophisticated 19th-century response to the Rousseauian program: what does it mean to be educated for a world that has changed?

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  5. 5

    How Children Learn

    by John Holt

    The 20th-century Rousseauian — Holt's child-centered pedagogy descends directly from Émile through Dewey; the observation that children learn through play and exploration rather than instruction is Rousseau's negative education in 20th-century experimental form

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  6. Second Sex cover
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    Second Sex

    by Simone de Beauvoir

    The philosophical feminist continuation of Wollstonecraft's critique — Beauvoir's analysis of how femininity is constructed through education and social expectation extends Wollstonecraft's response to Rousseau's Sophie into the 20th-century philosophical framework of existentialism

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  7. Du contrat social cover
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    Du contrat social

    by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

    The political companion — the social contract theory describes the legitimate political community that would allow Émile to live freely; the educational program and the political program are two sides of the same Rousseauian vision of natural virtue in social form

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  8. Experience and Education cover
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    Experience and Education

    by John Dewey

    The American pragmatist Rousseau — Dewey's critique of both traditional and progressive education draws directly on the Émile tradition; the child-centered, experience-based pedagogy that Dewey theorizes is the institutional form of Rousseau's natural education

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