Recommendations

Books Like Le Deuxième Sexe by Simone de Beauvoir

The foundational feminist work — 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman'

Beauvoir's 1949 900-page analysis of women's condition — through mythology, history, biology, psychoanalysis, and daily life — that opened with 'What is a woman?' and founded second-wave feminism worldwide.

  1. Mémoires d'une jeune fille rangée cover
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    Mémoires d'une jeune fille rangée

    by Simone de Beauvoir

    The autobiography of Beauvoir's own formation (1958) — the personal account of the experience that Le Deuxième Sexe analyzes theoretically; reading the autobiography alongside the theory gives the lived experience behind the philosophical analysis.

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  2. Les Mandarins cover
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    Les Mandarins

    by Simone de Beauvoir

    The 1954 Prix Goncourt novel — the fictional complement to Le Deuxième Sexe; Anne Dubreuilh's experience in the postwar Paris intellectual world dramatizes the questions about women's freedom and love that the theoretical work analyzes.

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    La Mysticque féminine

    by Betty Friedan

    Betty Friedan's 1963 The Feminine Mystique is the American counterpart — the critique of the ideology of the suburban housewife that was directly inspired by Le Deuxième Sexe and that launched second-wave American feminism; the comparison gives the range of what Beauvoir's work sparked.

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  4. A Room of One's Own cover
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    A Room of One's Own

    by Virginia Woolf

    Woolf's 1929 essay is the most important predecessor — the argument that women need money and a room of their own to write; Le Deuxième Sexe develops Woolf's insight into a full philosophical account of the material and psychological conditions of women's intellectual life.

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  5. The Feminine Mystique cover
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    The Feminine Mystique

    by Betty Friedan

    Friedan's 1963 book is the American realization of Beauvoir's theoretical program — the application of the analysis of women's condition to the specific situation of American suburban housewives; reading both together gives the global impact of Le Deuxième Sexe.

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  6. The Second Sex cover
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    The Second Sex

    by Simone de Beauvoir

    The Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier translation (2010) is the first complete English translation — restoring the roughly one-fifth of the text cut by the earlier Parshley translation (1953); essential for English readers who want the complete text.

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  7. Gender Trouble cover
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    Gender Trouble

    by Judith Butler

    Butler's 1990 book is the most important response to Le Deuxième Sexe — developing and critiquing Beauvoir's analysis of gender as construction; Butler argues that not only femininity but the very concept of biological sex is a discursive construction; the comparison gives the development of feminist theory from 1949 to 1990.

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  8. L'Être et le Néant cover
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    L'Être et le Néant

    by Jean-Paul Sartre

    Sartre's Being and Nothingness (1943) is the existentialist philosophical framework that Le Deuxième Sexe both uses and critiques — Beauvoir uses Sartre's concepts of the Other, of bad faith, and of freedom, but shows that their application to women's condition requires modification; reading the two together gives the dialogue between existentialism and feminism.

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